The processor, computer memory, and input and output devices are among the important components of a computer. Each of these parts and divisions is responsible for a series of specific functions. In this article, we will have an overview of the important parts of a computer
computer components
A computer is a complex machine capable of performing huge mathematical operations with extraordinary speed. Its processing power is often compared to the human brain. Although human intelligence is the undoubted winner in this competition, the capabilities of a computer cannot be underestimated. Designed by the human mind, this complex machine mainly consists of a processor unit, an arithmetic and logical unit, computer memory, and input and output devices along with its peripherals. These are the “components” that make up a “complete” system. So let’s take a look at the main components of a PC.
CPU
A central processing unit, also known as a computer processor, is an electronic circuit that executes computer programs. The main task of a computer processor is to execute a series of instructions that make up the program. CPU performance can be divided into four main phases: fetch, decode, execute, and write. During the fetch phase, the processor retrieves the program’s instructions from memory, in other words, the instructions are read from memory. In the decoding stage, the type of instruction is determined so that the instruction is divided into different parts. The CPU instruction set structure, abbreviated as ISA, determines how instructions are decoded. In the “execution” phase, the CPU performs the process that corresponds to the program’s instructions, in other words, the instructions are executed. During the “rewrite” phase, the CPU stores the results of the instruction’s execution in the computer’s memory.
Motherboard
The motherboard or main board of a computer consists of sockets in which microprocessors are placed, and also contains slots, memory slots, a chip or chipset that acts as an interface between the bus or the CPU bus and the peripheral bus (the bus on which all the internal parts of the computer connect to each other) , non-volatile memory chips that are the location of the firmware (permanent program) and a clock generator or timer generator that helps synchronize the various components of the system. Some motherboards have connectors to support input devices such as PS/2 connectors for the mouse and keyboard.
Hard Disk
A hard disk is defined as a part of a computer’s disk drive that stores information and provides quick access to large amounts of information to computer users. A hard disk is an electromagnetically charged surface or set of disks that records data in concentric circles called grooves. A hard disk is a non-volatile storage device that stores digitally encrypted data. A head similar to a gramophone knob is used to read and write data or information to the hard disk. Desktop hard drives are generally capable of storing 120GB to 2TB of data. Laptop hard drives are smaller and have less storage capacity.
computer memory
Refers to the computer components that store digital information. This part forms the core of the computer. The magnetic cylinders and delay lines used as primary memory for computers in the past have been replaced by a small or miniature silicon chip that can efficiently store large amounts of information. Random Access Memory (RAM) is defined as a form of computer storage memory that is small, light, and volatile. This type of memory has the ability to store information temporarily. The registers in a computer’s processor are the fastest form of computer storage. The most frequently used information is copied into the computer’s processor cache, thereby improving its performance. Computers need basic non-volatile memory to read large programs. This non-volatile memory is called ROM or read-only memory. It also contains the startup programs used to boot the computer. A computer’s secondary memory includes flash memory, magnetic tape, punched card, and floppy disk.
Monitor
A visual display unit, as the name suggests, is an electrical device that displays images generated by a computer’s video output. Early monitors or monitors used CRT technology to create the images, while modern monitors use liquid crystal displays or even plasma displays. The screen provides instant feedback to computer users in the form of text and graphic images.
keyboard
The motherboard or main board of a computer consists of sockets in which microprocessors are placed, and also contains slots, memory slots, a chip or chipset that acts as an interface between the bus or the CPU bus and the peripheral bus (the bus on which all the internal parts of the computer connect to each other) , non-volatile memory chips that are the location of the firmware (permanent program) and a clock generator or timer generator that helps synchronize the various components of the system. Some motherboards have connectors to support input devices such as PS/2 connectors for the mouse and keyboard.
A computer mouse is a pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion. The Macintosh from Apple was the first successful computer with a mouse. The mouse converts your hand movements into signals that the computer can recognize and respond to. There are three main types of mouse which are mechanical mouse, mechanical optical mouse and optical mouse. A mechanical mouse contains a plastic or metal ball that can move in all directions. The mechanical sensors in this mouse detect the direction of movement of the ball. An optical mechanical mouse differs from its mechanical type in that optical sensors are used to detect movement in this mouse. Optical mice in widespread use today contain a laser to detect mouse movement. This type of mouse is free of mechanical moving parts, so it has a higher performance speed.
Perhaps the most important part of a computer is the “intelligence” used in it. Can her computing abilities overcome human intelligence? Will computers be able to replace humans? Although it is not possible to make a definite opinion about this at the moment, we must not forget that human intelligence is a creation of God, while computers originated from the tiny human mind.
